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大原美保・徳永良雄・小林 亘
Miho OHARA,Yoshio TOKUNAGA,Wataru KOBAYASHI |
<抄録> 近年の豪雨の増加に伴い、地下街での避難確保・浸水防止へのニーズが高まっている。本研究は、降雨量・水位・潮位・浸水位等の観測情報を地下街等関係事業所に配信するアプリケーションを活用して地下街等の避難確保・浸水防止体制の強化を図る手法を提案するとともに、 横浜駅西口地区に適用し手法の検証を行った。
Along with recent increases in torrential rainfall events, the need for taking disaster risk reduction measures, such as ensuring evacuation and preventing inundation, is becoming higher and higher. In this report, we propose an approach to strengthen the preparedness of businesses for evacuation and inundation in underground shopping malls by utilizing an application designed to send them observed hazard information such as rainfall, water levels, tide levels, and inundation levels. We also present the results of an experiment in which the application was tested for the West Exit area of Yokohama Station in Yokohama, Japan. |
<キーワード> 地下街、水害、避難確保、浸水防止、アプリケーション
Keywords: underground shopping mall, flood disaster, evacuation planning, flood prevention, application |
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矢本貴俊・松橋 学・田隝 淳
Takatoshi YAMOTO,Manabu MATSUHASHI,Atsushi TAJIMA |
<抄録> 消化汚泥の脱水ろ液には高濃度のアンモニアが含まれているが、一般的には資源として有効利用されていない。本研究では、既存のアンモ ニア回収技術を脱水ろ液に適用した場合の回収濃度・回収率の分析、下水道統計に基づく回収可能量の推定及び脱硝剤としての有効利用の可能性検討を行ったため、その成果を報告する。
Although high concentrations of ammonia is contained in dehydration filtrate from digested sludge, this potentially useful gas has not been effectively used in general. In this study, we analyzed the recovery concentration and rate of ammonia that was collected by applying conventional ammonia recovery technology to dehydration filtrate. We also evaluated the recoverable volume of ammonia based on sewage statistics and studied the possibility of using recovered ammonia as a denitrifying agent. The results are presented in this report. |
<キーワード> 消化汚泥、アンモニア、脱硝剤、資源有効利用
Keywords: digested sludge, ammonia, denitrifying agent, effective use of resources |
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余野智哉・高野 真・澤田 守・大住道生
Tomoya YONO,Shin TAKANO,Mamoru SAWADA,Michio OHSUMI |
<抄録> 平成29年道路橋示方書において、耐荷性能が位置づけられ、限界状態設計法、部分係数法が導入された。そこで、せん断力を受ける橋梁用積層ゴム支承についての限界状態を把握し、設定方法を提案するために水平加振実験に基づく検討を行った。
In The Specifications for Highway Bridges revised in July 2017, the new concepts of the load and resistance factor design and the limit state design were introduced to check the load carrying capacity of highway bridges. Therefore, we conducted horizontal loading tests to propose an approach to appropriately assess and set the limit state of bridge laminated rubber bearing, which receives shear force. |
<キーワード> ゴム支承、限界状態、せん断ひずみ、座屈、破断
Keywords: rubber bearing, limit state, shear strain, buckling, rapture |
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小塚 清・川邉好世・森川博邦
Kiyoshi KOZUKA,Yoshitsugu KAWABE,Hirokuni MORIKAWA |
<抄録> 国土交通省では、ICT活用のため、アスファルト舗装工事の出来形管理へ新たに「面管理」を導入の上、各種基準類を整備したが、実際にICTを活用した工事現場において基準類の適用性検証を行い、検証結果を踏まえた課題を整理するとともに、課題を踏まえた改善を行っ た。
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan has introduced the new concept of “area as-built management” to promote as-built management in ICT-based road paving work and prepared criteria necessary for the implementation of road pavement. In this study, we tested the criteria at an ICT-driven work site to assess their applicability. The test results were used to sort out issues, and the improvement of ICT-based paving work was carried out in reference to the issues identified. |
<キーワード> i-Construction、ICT活用工事、出来形管理基準、舗装工事、生産性向上
Keywords: i-Construction, ICT-based construction, as-built management criteria, paving work, productivity improvement |
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藤村 彰・谷本俊輔・七澤利明
Akira FUJIMURA,Syunsuke TANIMOTO,Toshiaki NANAZAWA |
<抄録> 本文では、斜面上に設置された道路橋基礎に対してすべり力が作用した場合の、斜面崩壊等の条件や基礎の構造の違いが基礎の安定性に及ぼす影響や斜面崩壊等のメカニズムを把握することを目的として実施した遠心模型実験の結果を報告する。
In this study, we conducted centrifuge model tests for the following purposes: to characterize the conditions and mechanisms of slope failure and other types of ground movements and to assess the effect of different ground movements on the stability of road bridge foundations when sliding force acts on bridge foundations built on a slope. The results are presented in this report. |
<キーワード> 道路橋、斜面崩壊等、すべり力、深礎基礎、遠心模型実験
Keywords: road bridge, slope failure and other ground movements, sliding force, caisson-type pile foundation, centrifuge model test |
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西村亮彦・舟久保 敏
Akihiko NISHIMURA,Satoshi FUNAKUBO |
<抄録> 伝統工法に係る人材・材料・資金等の確保が困難な状況を踏まえ、伝統工法の保全・活用に携わる有識者に対するヒアリングや全国各地における取組事例の調査を通じて、伝統工法に係る各種資源を確保し、伝統工法の保全・活用を通じた持続的な地域づくりを進める上での基本的な考え方や具体的なアイデア・ノウハウを整理した。
Since our previous study revealed that it has become difficult to supply human, material, financial and other resources necessary for traditional construction methods in Japan, we have conducted interviews with experts in this field and case studies of conservation and utilization of traditional construction methods in different regions. As a result, we suggested basic principles and practical ideas of conservation and utilization of traditional construction methods for sustainable community development. |
<キーワード> 伝統工法、技術継承、歴史まちづくり、歴史的風致、地域資源
Keywords: traditional construction method, technology succession, history-driven town planning, historical landscape, local resources |
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荒金恵太・守谷 修・舟久保 敏
Keita ARAGANE,Osamu MORIYA,Satoshi FUNAKUBO |
<抄録> 近年、南海トラフ巨大地震等の大規模地震の切迫性や気候変動に伴う水害リスクの増大を踏まえ、都市の防災性向上が求められている。本稿では、防災公園等の都市公園のみならず、道路・河川・学校等の公共緑地や樹林地・農地等の民有緑地を含めた防災系統緑地全体の充実に向けた緑の基本計画の策定手法について紹介する。
As the risks of mega-earthquakes and extreme weather disasters associated with climate change increase, municipal governments in Japan are faced with the urgent need for implementing disaster risk reduction systematically by making effective use of urban green infrastructure. This report presents a methodology for developing green master plans for disaster risk reduction. |
<キーワード> 国土強靱化、防災・減災、緑の基本計画、グリーンインフラ
Keywords: national resilience, disaster risk reduction, green master plan, green infrastructure |
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齋藤貴賢・原野 崇・大城秀彰・小俣元美
Takayoshi SAITOU,Takashi HARANO,Hideaki OOSHIRO,Motoyoshi OMATA |
<抄録> 冬期道路交通の確保における効果的な除雪手法や体制の検討のため、国土交通省が作成した費用便益分析マニュアルの考え方を援用して道路除雪の効果を経済的に評価することを試みた。試算の結果、早期の通行止め及び集中除雪による早期の交通回復により、交通障害時間及び経済損失の大幅な軽減が期待される可能性を示した。
In order to introduce more effective snow removal methods and systems, we evaluated the effects of the snow removal using the procedures described in the cost-benefit analysis manual compiled by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan. The analysis indicated that the restoration of the normal road traffic would take less time than otherwise if early road closures and targeted snow removal are executed and that a significant reduction would be expected in traffic disruption time and economic loss. |
<キーワード> 冬期道路交通確保対策、予防的な通行規制、集中除雪、経済効果
Keywords: countermeasures against heavy snowfall affecting road traffic, preventive traffic regulation, targeted snow removal, economic effect |
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鴫原吉隆・漆原和也
Yoshitaka SHIGIHARA,Kazuya URUSHIHARA |
<抄録> 東日本大震災で未曾有の被害を受けた海岸堤防は、「粘り強い構造の堤防」で整備した。その中でも仙台市の井土浦地区では、優れた自然環境の回復に配慮してCSG海岸堤防を実施したので、その設計・施工事例について報告するものである。
Resilient coastal levees have been introduced for rebuilding the coastal levees that were damaged unprecedentedly when the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred. In this project, cemented sand and gravel (CSG) was used to build levees in the coastal sections of Idoura, Sendai, in the hope of the robust recovery of the natural environment. In this report, we explain a case of the design and construction of the CSG levees. |
<キーワード> CSG海岸堤防、粘り強い構造、環境配慮、震災復旧、資源の再利用
Keywords: CSG coastal levee, resilient structure, environmental consideration, disaster recovery, material reuse |
【現地レポート】 |
平成23年紀伊半島大水害 河道閉塞(天然ダム)における対策
Emergency Construction to Prevent the Failure of Landslide Dams Induced by the September 2011 Flood in the Kii Peninsula |
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東 繁光・服部浩二・追鳥裕樹
Shigemitsu AZUMA,Kouji HATTORI,Yuki OITORI |
<抄録> 平成23年の台風12号により、紀伊半島では一部地域で雨量が2,000ミリを超えるなど記録的な豪雨に見舞われ、甚大な被害が発生し、発災直後から緊急対策工事を実施してきた。本稿ではこれらの対策のうち、これまでに対策事例が少なかった河道閉塞箇所(天然ダム)における対策工事について、これまでの取組について紹介する。
Heavy rainfall by Typhoon No.12 in 2011 caused serious damage in the Kii Peninsula of Wakayama, Japan. The rainfall recorded more than 2,000 mm in some parts of the peninsula. We constructed emergency sabo structures soon after the disaster to prevent landslide dams from causing further damage. Few countermeasures have so far been implemented to prevent possible damage due to landslide dams. In this report, we describe how we constructed the sabo structures after the September 2011 flood in the Kii Penninsula. |
<キーワード> 天然ダム、深層崩壊、緊急対策工事、平成23年9月紀伊半島大水害
Keywords: landslide dam, deep-seated catastrophic landslide, emergency countermeasure construction, the Kii peninsula flood damage in September 2011 |
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